Folic Acid Supplementation and Fortification
In 1947 scientists at Lederle Labs synthesized a compound called folic acid that had never previously existed on our planet. No human prior to 1947 had ever ingested this artificial substance. Exactly 51 years later in 1998, The Food and Drug Agency (FDA) mandatorily legislated that the entire U.S population would now be required to ingest this substance.4, 5, 20, 23, 24 As a democratic nation, we never were allowed to vote upon this decision. It simply happened overnight. One day folic acid was not part of our regular food supply, and the next day every man, woman and child in the U.S. (except celiac patients and Paleo Dieters) were forced to ingest folic acid whether they wanted to or not. As I will show you, this unilateral decision has turned into one of the worst health fiasco’s in the history of our country. In the 16 years since its inception, this mandatory legislation has resulted in untold numbers of morbidity (disease incidence) mortality (death) and disability.7-11, 15-17, 20, 23, 24, 26, 27-29
If you are currently a Paleo Dieter, you probably don’t have to worry about ingesting folic acid providing you are not taking any vitamin supplements containing this compound. In 1998 the FDA mandated that all enriched wheat flour was to be fortified with folic acid. Because most commercial wheat products (breakfast cereals, bread, cookies, cakes, crackers, doughnuts, pizza crust, hamburger and hotdog buns, wheat tortillas etc.) are made with enriched wheat flour, essentially the entire U.S. population began to consume folic acid in 1998. At the time, this national mandate seemed like a pretty good idea because convincing data existed to show that low folate status caused neural tube birth defects such as spina bifida. I have bolded and underlined the word folate to emphasize that it is an entirely different compound than folic acid.
In our bodies, folate and folic acid are metabolized in different ways. Folate is a natural vitamin found in leafy green vegetables and organ meats. Folic acid is not a vitamin, but rather a manmade substance that can be converted to folate in the liver. The problem is that folic acid is not rapidly converted to folate, thereby causing an excess pool of both folic acid and folate to build up in our bodies. And herein lies the problem.
I would be the first person to congratulate the FDA for mandating a national policy that could reduce or eliminate birth defects such as spina bifida.4, 5 Unfortunately, their shotgun approach to curing neural tube birth defects puts the entire U.S population at risk for death and disability from other serious diseases and nutritional deficiencies.20 In the six year period (1990-1996) before mandatory folic acid fortification, the average number of neural tube defects per year in the U.S was 1,582. In the first year (1998-1999) following fortification neural tube defects dropped to 1,337 thereby preventing 245 cases of these diseases.12 Unless you’ve experienced a neural tube defect in your immediate family, you probably know very little about these diseases.
Neural tube defects come in two basic forms: 1) spina bifida, and 2) anencephaly. Most cases of spina bifida are rarely fatal and in many people produce no visible symptoms. Anencephaly is almost always fatal at birth or shortly thereafter. However, the number of cases of anencephaly is about half that for spina bifida. Hence, the total number of lives saved by the mandatory folic acid fortification program following the first year after its introduction would have been 83. I truly have compassion for the parents and family of children born with neural tube defects, but to put the entire U.S. population at risk for additional life threatening diseases to save the lives of 83 infants makes little sense, particularly when other worldwide studies show folic acid supplementation to have little or no effect upon birth outcome6 or even to prevent cardiovascular disease.18 A much better strategy would be to selectively supplement expecting women with folate – not folic acid. The entire U.S. population is not at risk for neural tube defects – only pregnant women.
Folic Acid Fortification/Supplementation and Breast, Prostate and Colorectal Cancers
In the past decade an accumulating body of scientific evidence now makes it absolutely clear that the FDA’s mandatory folic acid fortification program represents one of the worst blunders in the history of U.S. public health. An alarming number of human clinical trials, animal experiments and epidemiological studies show that excess folate via folic acid fortification has resulted in population wide increases in the risk for breast, prostate and colorectal cancers.7-11, 15-17, 20, 23, 24, 26, 27-29
Let’s start off with prostate cancer. A recent (2010) meta analysis (compilation of many population studies) carried out at Bristol University in the UK demonstrated that high levels of blood folate were associated with increased prostate cancer risk.9 Even more convincing evidence comes from a clinical trial by Dr. Figueiredo and colleagues at the University of Southern California.11 In this experiment 643 men were randomly assigned to either a folic acid supplementation group or a placebo (dummy pill) group. After nearly 11 years, the percentage of men developing prostate cancer in the folic acid treatment group was 9.7 %, whereas only 3.3 % of the men in the placebo group were diagnosed with prostate cancer. Higher blood concentrations of folate from folic acid supplementation also cause a faster progression of this sometimes fatal disease. Although scientists aren’t completely sure how excess folate and folic acid promote cancer, animal experiments indicate that these compounds induce a cancer causing reaction called hypermethylation in the DNA of cancer cells.24, 29, 30
A disturbing number of recent epidemiological (population) studies have suggested that high folate intake, largely from folic acid in supplements and fortified foods may increase breast cancer risk. In a study of 70,656 postmenopausal women who were followed from 1992 until 2005, dietary folate intake (from both folic acid and folate) was positively associated with breast cancer risk.26
I’d like to make it clear once again that folate and folic acid are not one in the same compounds. Folate is the natural, healthful B vitamin that is found in leafy green veggies, organ meats and some nuts. Folic acid is an artificial chemical that can be converted to folate in the liver. Because folic acid builds up and forms pools of this manmade chemical in our bodies at doses as low as 200 mcg (half the DRI), it is known to disrupt normal folate metabolism. To summarize, dietary folate from natural food sources does not produce harmful health effects, whereas folic acid does.
To continue with our discussion of folic acid and breast cancer risk, a recent animal experiment by Dr. Ly and co-workers at the University of Toronto demonstrated that folic acid supplementation led to an increased risk of mammary cancer in rats.29 It is notable that the equivalent (~800 mcg) dietary levels of folic acid necessary to produce breast cancer in the rats could easily be achieved in humans by eating fortified foods and taking folic acid supplements.
The situation with colorectal cancers and folic acid supplementation/fortification is nearly identical to which I have described for breast and prostate cancer. Animal, tissue, epidemiological and human dietary trials all reveal that folic acid increases the risk for colorectal cancers. The most powerful type of research design in human supplementation experiments is called a “double blind, placebo controlled randomized trial.” With these types of experiments, scientists can be relatively sure that a certain treatment causes a certain outcome. In just such a study of 1021 men and women carried out over a 10 year period, I quote the authors of this study, “Folic acid was associated with higher risks of having 3 or more adenomas [cancers] and of noncolorectal cancers.”7 A similar double blind, placebo controlled randomized trial from Norway came up with similar conclusions, “Treatment with folic acid plus vitamin B12 was associated with increased cancer outcomes, and all-cause mortality in patients with ischemic heart disease in Norway, where there is no folic acid fortification of foods.”10 The folic acid fortification/cancer story certainly makes Paracelsus’s word’s ring true, “dose makes the poison.” Indeed, many European nations, including the U.K. have taken a more cautious approach and have decided not to fortify their food supply with folic acid.
Folic Acid Fortification/Supplementation and Autism
Before we leave this topic, a disturbing development involving folic acid fortification/supplementation has arisen in the past five years or so. A number of scientists now believe that excessive folic acid may play an important role in the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) which includes autism, Asperger disorder and other developmental problems.1, 3, 4, 13, 14, 19, 22 Recent epidemiological studies of autism show the increasing prevalence of ASD in the U.S. coincides with the same time period mandatory folic acid fortification began.2, 3, 21 Additionally, it is known that excessive folic acid during the embryonic period may adversely affect normal brain development. Unlike the folic acid/cancer story, the data for ASD is still preliminary. Large population studies will be required to determine if the mandatory folic acid fortification program is responsible for the disturbing increase in ASD over the past 15 years.
Cordially,
Loren Cordain, Ph.D., Professor Emeritus
REFERENCES
1. Adams M, Lucock M, Stuart J, Fardell S, Baker K, Ng X. Preliminary evidence for involvement of the folate gene polymorphism 19bp deletion-DHFR in occurrence of autism. Neurosci Lett. 2007 Jul 5;422(1):24-9.
2. Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network Surveillance Year 2006 Principal Investigators; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders – Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, United States, 2006. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2009 Dec 18;58(10):1-20
3. Beard CM, Panser LA, Katusic SK. Is excess folic acid supplementation a risk factor for autism? Med Hypotheses. 2011 Mar 29
4. Beaudet AL, Goin-Kochel RP. Some, but not complete, reassurance on the safety of folic acid fortification. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 Dec;92(6):1287-8.
5. Boulet SL, Gambrell D, Shin M, et al. Racial/ethnic differences in the birth prevalence of spina bifida-United States, 1995–2005. MMWR 2009;57:1409–1413.
6. Chiaffarino F, Ascone GB, Bortolus R, Mastroia-Covo P, Ricci E, Cipriani S, Parazzini F. [Effects of folic acid supplementation on pregnancy outcomes: a review of randomized clinical trials]. Minerva Ginecol. 2010 Aug;62(4):293-301
7. Cole BF, Baron JA, Sandler RS, Haile RW et al. Folic acid for the prevention of colorectal adenomas: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2007 Jun 6;297(21):2351-9.
8. Collin SM, Metcalfe C, Refsum H, Lewis SJ, Smith GD et al. Associations of folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine, and folate-pathway polymorphisms with prostate-specific antigen velocity in men with localized prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2010 Nov;19(11):2833-8
9. Collin SM, Metcalfe C, Refsum H, Lewis SJ et al. Circulating folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine, vitamin B12 transport proteins, and risk of prostate cancer: a case-control study, systematic review, and meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2010 Jun;19(6):1632-42.
10. Ebbing M, Bønaa KH, Nygård O, Arnesen E, Ueland PM et al. Cancer incidence and mortality after treatment with folic acid and vitamin B12. JAMA. 2009 Nov 18;302(19):2119-26.
11. Figueiredo JC, Grau MV, Haile RW, Sandler RS, Summers RW, Bresalier RS, Burke CA, McKeown-Eyssen GE, Baron JA. Folic acid and risk of prostate cancer: results from a randomized clinical trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2009 Mar 18;101(6):432-5
12. Honein MA, Paulozzi LJ, Mathews TJ, Erickson JD, Wong LY. Impact of folic acid fortification of the US food supply on the occurrence of neural tube defects. JAMA. 2001 Jun 20;285(23):2981-6.
13. King CR. A novel embryological theory of autism causation involving endogenous biochemicals capable of initiating cellular gene transcription: A possible link between twelve autism risk factors and the autism ‘epidemic’ Med Hypotheses. 2011 Mar 7. [Epub ahead of print]
14. Leeming RJ, Lucock M. Autism: Is there a folate connection? J Inherit Metab Dis. 2009 Jun;32(3):400-2.
15. Levine AJ, Figueiredo JC, Lee W, Conti DV, Kennedy K, Duggan DJ, Poynter JN, Campbell PT, Newcomb P, Martinez ME, Hopper JL, Le Marchand L, Baron JA, Limburg PJ, Ulrich CM, Haile RW. A candidate gene study of folate-associated one carbon metabolism genes and colorectal cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2010 Jul;19(7):1812-21
16. Lin J, Lee IM, Cook NR, Selhub J, Manson JE, Buring JE, Zhang SM. Plasma folate, vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, and risk of breast cancer in women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Mar;87(3):734-43.
17. Lindzon GM, Medline A, Sohn KJ, Depeint F, Croxford R, Kim YI. Effect of folic acid supplementation on the progression of colorectal aberrant crypt foci. Carcinogenesis. 2009 Sep;30(9):1536-43
18. Løland KH, Bleie O, Blix AJ, Strand E, Ueland PM, Refsum H, Ebbing M, Nordrehaug JE, Nygård O. Effect of homocysteine-lowering B vitamin treatment on angiographic progression of coronary artery disease: a Western Norway B Vitamin Intervention Trial (WENBIT) substudy. Am J Cardiol. 2010 Jun 1;105(11):1577-84.
19. Main PA, Angley MT, Thomas P, O’Doherty CE, Fenech M. Folate and methionine metabolism in autism: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 Jun;91(6):1598-620.
20. Refsum H, Smith AD. Are we ready for mandatory fortification with vitamin B-12? Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Aug;88(2):253-4.
21. Rice C, Nicholas J, Baio J, Pettygrove S, Lee LC et al. Changes in autism spectrum disorder prevalence in 4 areas of the United States. Disabil Health J. 2010 Jul;3(3):186-201
22. Rogers EJ. Has enhanced folate status during pregnancy altered natural selection and possibly Autism prevalence? A closer look at a possible link. Med Hypotheses. 2008Sep;71(3):406-10. Sauer J, Mason JB, Choi SW. Too much folate: a risk factor for cancer and cardiovascular disease? Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2009 Jan;12(1):30-6
23. Rosenberg IH. Science-based micronutrient fortification: which nutrients, how much, and how to know? Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Aug;82(2):279-8026. Soni MG, Thurmond TS, Miller ER 3rd, Spriggs T, Bendich A, Omaye ST. Safety of vitamins and minerals: controversies and perspective. Toxicol Sci. 2010 Dec;118(2):348-55.
24. Smith AD, Kim YI, Refsum H. Is folic acid good for everyone? Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Mar;87(3):517-33.
25. Smulders YM, Blom HJ. The homocysteine controversy. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2011 Feb;34(1):93-9
26. Stevens VL, McCullough ML, Sun J, Gapstur SM. Folate and other one-carbon metabolism-related nutrients and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 Jun;91(6):1708-15
27. Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ, Chang SC, Leitzmann MF, Johnson KA, Johnson C, Buys SS, Hoover RN, Ziegler RG. Folate intake, alcohol use, and postmenopausal breast cancer risk in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Apr;83(4):895-904.
28. Ulrich CM, Potter JD. Folate and cancer–timing is everything. JAMA. 2007 Jun 6;297(21):2408-9
29. Ly A1, Lee H, Chen J, Sie KK, Renlund R, Medline A, Sohn KJ, Croxford R, Thompson LU, Kim YI. Effect of maternal and postweaning folic acid supplementation on mammary tumor risk in the offspring. Cancer Res. 2011 Feb 1;71(3):988-97.
30. Collin SM. Folate and B12 in prostate cancer. Adv Clin Chem. 2013;60:1-63.
The body was not designed to injest synthetic substances, full stop! Don’t provide additional financial opportunities for Big Pharma by further contaminating food supplies in Europe with folic acid.
Wow, “a chemist in the pharmaceutical industry” says it all. Big pharma and my own government, ignorance and greed has caused SO MUCH MISERY to my family. I thank God that I had a chance conversation with my sister who wasn’t absorbing the cyano-form b12 (lab created b12) shots her doctor gave her for the chronic urticaria she had and she still had no b12 in her cells after 3 months and 12 shots. I was feeling unwell at the time I was dizzy, my mouth would bleed when I brushed my teeth and I had memory problems. This was caused by lack of folate because my body cannot convert folic acid. Not to mention my sister has a child with autism, my other sisters 3 children all have midline birth defects such as spina bifuda occulta and worse and my mother and all 3 of my dads sisters had breast cancer. I don’t absorb several vitamins very well according to 23 and me and over the last 1.5 years have done a lot to address my defiencies. Genetic mutations exist and it has been stated up to 66% of the population has a MTHFR mutation. The result is high homocysteine in your body which is a result of not having the ability to convert folic acid to folate. Now the news is reporting that children born after 1990 have 3x the rate of colon/ rectal cancer as a 50 year old and the doctors are stymied… IHow many people have been harmed? How many children have to die or be born with health problems before the government and medical establishment wakes up? Most of us are being poisoned by folic acid. It causes disease. Autism, breast cancer, colon cancer, heart attack and stroke. The list of disease is endless if you cannot properly methylate. My variant causes not just heart attack and stroke but a slew of auto immune disorders. I am so happy to have this knowledge and have tested my 3 children who have their dads homozygous mutation on 677 which reduces cell replication by 90% if consuming folic acid. What doctor would think of checking a 20 year old for colon cancer? And that is the massive risk my children face in their future.
from the data found here: https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/statistics/slides/long_term_trends.pdf
diabetes diagnoses went from 1.5 million in 1958 to 7.63 million in 1996, (about 155,000 per year). between 1996 and 2014 the total rose to 14.3 million, (roughly 750,000 new cases per year).
folic acid ‘fortification’ began in 1996 and was fully in force by 1998. the mainstream narrative leads us to pin the blame for the american diabetes epidemic on the victims themselves (ie: couch potatoes munching on mcdonalds) but a much more likely culprit is folic acid ‘fortification’.
timing-wise, it’s a perfect fit (see the chart on page 3 at the above link).
this may also explain why some show little improvement on a gluten-free diet, as the gluten-free products they’re consuming still contain folic acid.
and, as well, it could explain the experience of those who cannot eat american bread/pasta but find that they’re just fine when traveling in europe.
Great article. Thank you so much!
I only recently found out about the difference between Folic Acid and Folate and why eating bread makes me sick. Also all my grandchildren have MTHFR with varying degrees of ADHD, Sensory issues, tongue ties, etc etc. My question to you is, do they add folic acid to whole grain organic spelt flour?
Most flour is fortified with folic acid. Make sure to check the labels. Better yet, avoid all types of flour all together and your health will thank you.
Most organic flours are not fortified, but that doesn’t mean that they are good for your body. All grains are healthful and beneficial to the body when they are prepared traditionally/properly. Meaning, if you are using breads/flours that are made from grains that are sprouted or fermented then the grain is prepared for your body to process and use to your benefit. A good sprouted grain bread is “ezekial bread”, you can find it in the frozen food section of most grocery stores. It is a healthful grain product made with several sprouted grains and legumes.
Thanks Dear Loren Cordain for your valuable article. It is nearly 3 years that I investigate about folic acid and its different aspects of structure, function, absorption and its difference with folate. I understood that best source of folate among foods is egg but its amount is very low(5-methyltetrahydrofolate monoglutamate). this form of folate is the best active physiological shape of folate means does not need to DHFR and MTHFR and even does not need to deconjugation in intestine because it is in the form of monoglutamate. It do not mask the B12 deficiency symptoms, It does not produce chelate with zinc and It be absorbed efficiently. But as I said its amount is very low nearly 2 mcg when I analyzed by HPLC in Iran. the global report issued 17 to 20mcg. I obtained that in Iran the usual eggs have very low folate. I could not give Idea about others reports . I started to enrich the eggs with folate during supplementation of layer diets and could increase more than 54 mcg in an egg and 89 mcg in 100 gr egg and egg changed from weak source of folate to rich source of natural folate without risks which you mentioned in your article. I think we sould combine in all over of the world and change the manner of flour fortification with folic acid to egg which is others nutrient source such as Fe, B12,….
sincerely
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Another issue that should have been pointed out is an effect that folic acid, which becomes folate in the body, is known to mask B12 deficiency. Scientists warned about this prior to 1998, as folate in the blood corrects megaloblastic anemia (enlarged red blood cells) but it does NOT correct the neurological damage that occurs. As a result, a marker once used to detect low B12, the MCV portion of the CBC blood test (measures size of red blood cells), will not necessarily show abnormal results. Most traditional doctors today do not know to order a B12 test when they enounter a patient with symptoms of B12 deficiency: numb or tingling feet and hands, ringing ears, palpitations, hair loss, depression, balance issues and vertigo, night cramps in legs, swollen tongue, and more. Instead they are quick to prescribe drugs to address the symptoms such as antidepressants and nerve pain drugs (gabapentin, cymbalta, and so on) which do nothing to address the underlying cause.
To make things worse, the normal low cutoff value used in the US and UK of 200 pg/mL is far too low, so treatment does not always begin soon enough. Neurological symptoms can occur for levels within the gray area, 200 – 400 pg/mL. This is documented in the book “Could It Be B12? An Epidemic of Misdiagnosis” by Sally Pacholok, RN and Jeffrey Stuart, DO. They are ER medical professionals who encountered many cases of B12 deficiency misdiagnosis and have made it their mission to educate the medical community about this hidden problem and campaigning to have the normal range values revised. They realized that B12 deficiency mimics MS, Alzheimer’s, dementia, and depression, and ordered a B12 test for patients in their ER who exhibited these symptoms. They found that many were indeed deficient and prompt treatment made dramatic changes to their patients’ health.
I personally experienced a late diagnosis of B12 deficiency. I have pernicious anemia, an autoimmune disease that results in B12 deficiency, that went undiagnosed for several years or more. After having surgery in July 2014 my symptoms took a turn for the worse and my B12 deficiency wasn’t diagosed for yet another 3 months. My B12 level was 196, below the current cutoff so I was able to start treatment. Unfortunately being deficient for so long has left me with irreversible neurological symptoms, consisting of chronic pain and disability that I will likely have to deal with for the rest of my life.
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Great article. Another reason not to fortify food with folic acid is the MTHFR gene mutation. Anyone with the MTHFR gene mutation need to stay away from any forms of folic acid and instead increase their intake of folate rich foods and if supplementation needed take an active form of folate. As someone with this gene mutation I find it increasingly frustrating that our foods are being fortified with folic acid which I cant have.
Hello Rebecca,
I also have MTHFR x 2. I had two stillbirths, and a miscarriage before being tested. Now I have three children all with autism, and ADD/ADHD, food allergies, and one has a cleft lip & palate. I did everything I could to be healthy while pregnant to include taking vitamins, blood thinners, and eatting a strict diet. I nearly died with my two succesful pregnancies from HELLP Syndrome.My liver was in full shut down mode from the diet of suggested grains, and whole wheat, and milk all fortified with folic acid. I knew to take the prescription folate, but my father-in-law who claims to be a nutritional guru gave me folate that was actually folic acid. The company he ordered it from labled it falsely.The babies were healthy albeit early; I on the other hand was in a horrible condition. I spent two weeks in the ICU both times. The first experience was extremely scary as I knew I was dying. The second onset came after the babies were out, which I was told was impossible and with it came severe hypothermia. The forced magnesium did not trouble me with the very close call, but with the late onset case the magnesium made me horribly ill, and I was bed ridden as my legs could not hold me as the were like jelly. I try to tell everyone I know who has lost pregnancies or have autistic children to give methylated versions of B-9, & B-12 to the children and themselves. I hate to say that most laugh and ignore me all the while giving their autistic children happy meals and no vitamins. Yet, the ask me why my children have made such progress and I shrug and say “they get no fast, or fortified foods, and take methylayed vitamins.” I get so upset when I try helping them, and even at their request provide long detailed lists of needed foods and diets only to have wasted my time. Especially when I see McDonalds & Dunkin’Doughnuts as their meal and snack. More information needs to be put out about the severity of MTHFR, and what it causes.
I am right there with you. After being prescribed with high folic acid doses, I couldn’t work the fatigue, pain, insomnia, dizzy spells, chronic migraines, heart palpitations and the list does go on, I was so incredible SICK!!! I’m constantly frustrated because the Government ALSO mandated that FA not be listed as such but rather Folate on labels. So if something appears to be SAFE for me, I QUICKLY learn that it is NOT and it takes me days or weeks to recover from a few bites with FA in it. My daughter has autism. I have found a 100% direct link with her intake of FA and the onset of break through seizures!!!!!! The doctors don’t even care about it. Our lives are so incredibly difficult!
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Let me preface the following statements with the fact that I was a chemist in the pharmaceutical industry for 36 years.
Your statements “In 1947 scientists at Lederle Labs synthesized a compound called folic acid that had never previously existed on our planet.” and “I’d like to make it clear once again that folate and folic acid are not one in the same compounds. Folate is the natural, healthful B vitamin that is found in leafy green veggies, organ meats and some nuts. Folic acid is an artificial chemical that can be converted to folate in the liver.” are categorically false.
While your article contains many valid points and arguments, these misstatements cannot be ignored.
Did you take a course in organic chemistry in college? Folic acid is the protonated form of folate. They are one in the same. They exist in an equilibrium in the body which favors the folate form.
That being said, chemically synthesized folic acid may contain (and probably does) chemical impurities if not purified properly. This is true for any chemically synthesized vitamin. If there are problems with chemically synthesized folic acid supplementation it is due either to any impurities contained in the folic acid or over consumption of folic acid.
Your body has no way to distinguish “naturally produced” from “chemically synthesized” folic acid.
I do not take any vitamin supplements with the exception of D3 during the winter months(I live in NJ). If you eat a well balanced diet there is no need to.
Doug, I welcome different perspectives on controversial topics like this one and have some questions. Are folic acid and folate really “one in the same,” or is one protonated (as you pointed out) and the other not? If the forms are indeed different in this way, how is each form metabolized and what if any effect does protonation have on absorption for people with the MTHFR mutations that were unknown when you took organic chemistry? I’ve seen contradictory opinions and studies on the topic and am open to whatever the facts are.
If you do believe that vitamin supplements are not needed with a well balanced diet, does that include in foods like breads that are currently fortified with folic acid and other supplements?
I have MTHFR as does my daughter. I highly disagree with you. Folic acid had me out of work for a year and a half. It cause chronic migraines, up to 12 days of migraines, dizzy spells, heart palpitations, brain fog, confusion, extreme exhaustion and depression. Only since avoiding FA altogether and I starting to function but every day is a challenge. If I eat one bite of food with FA I am sick for days. My sight is impacted as is my balance and ability to process information and complete tasks. I don’t think you had all the information available. Obviously the body does know the difference because folate is handled differently by my body. A salad doesn’t shut me down.
It’s not the same. If you had done your research on anyone that has MTHFR you would have known this. I can’t have folic acid. Every time I fortified with it I felt absolutely sick to my stomach and then several months later would come down with cancer, like clock work. When my heart started to have issues they noticed I had MTHFR because of my high homocysteine levels. They say my body can’t even process folic acid. I thought they were kidding when I was told to take L-5-MTHF and try to get several cups of dark leafy greens for my folate. I went from being diabetic, heart failing, 8 malignant tumors over 10 years, not focused, depressed, practically no periods, and 5 misscarriages to a woman who for almost three years since I’ve been diagnosed to a healthy human. I cried the first time I had a period on my own, that my diabetes is gone, my heart is perfect now, and I have been cancer free for almost three years. Folic acid (man made) is not the same as folate. There is something missing and it’s very apparent. Why the government fortified all our foods with this poison is beyond me. They say 40% of the population has at least one copy of MTHFR!! 40% of the population to satisfy the 60% to have normal births is not a pleasant number. Those are not odds I would be satisfied with.
Sorry, but your information is wrong, chemist or not. To become metabolically active, synthetic folic acid must first be converted to dihydrofolate (DHF), then tetrahydrofolate (THF) through enzymatic reduction,then THF is converted to biologically active l-methylfolate by the enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR). If the two substances were identical, then obviously all of this activity would not be necessary. It’s this conversion process that is the problem for those with an MTHFR gene polymorphism. We are left with unusable folic acid circulating in the bloodstream and jamming up the folate cell receptors, which have a greater affinity for synthetic folic acid, not methylfolate, making the problem worse. Many of us also have one or more of several gene problems that affect our metabolization of B12 and vitamin D. It’s great that you don’t have to take many vitamins, and I wish I didn’t have to pay attention to something as mundane as vitamins either. But for the MTHFR person, not paying attention means a lifetime of potentially serious health consequences. So it’s not really accurate to say that one need not take vitamins if they eat a healthy diet–that only works if your gene processes are in good working order.
The issue of folate and cancer is interesting. I was at a conference in 1992 where breast cancer rates were compared to folate levels. It showed that folate deplete women had a higher rate of breast cancer than those who were replete. However like the anti-oxidants Vitamin E and A there may be a link between tumour progression and folate levels. So once you have a tumour then perhaps folate is not good good for you.
However there is as far as I’m aware no link between folate and autism. The only reason for the “increase” in these spectrum disorders is public awareness and new diagnosis regimes. And the sad fact that parents who have children with autism want to find a reason why and will grab onto anything to help explain this mysterious condition. Autistic children aren’t sick, they aren’t genetically compromised, they’re just different. How many great scientists would have been on the spectrum ? ? Very many.
dude, you are a fool – shut up with your chemistry mis-information
talking to doug.
folic acid is NOT folate, it doesn’t belong in the body. the DHF enzyme is easily saturated. duh.
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Don’t forget, iron fortification of foods happened at the same time, and high body iron levels are even more dangerous than folic acid levels.
Interesting thought, but it looks like iron fortification long predates folic acid:
FDA Food Fortification Policy: Principles and Considerations
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Food and Drug Administration
http://www.ilsi.org/NorthAmerica/Documents/FORTIFICATION/2_Yamini_June%202012.pdf
“•In the 1940s and 1950s, FDA specified levels of iron, niacin, thiamin and riboflavin in standards of identity for enriched staple foods (e.g., enriched- flour, bread)
•More recently (1998), folic acid was added to these enriched products to reduce the risk of neural tube defects”
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To prevent 83 deaths but cause a rise in autism seems idiotic. If we had excellent prenatal care in the US(excellent health care in general), expectant mothers could be counseled to add more greens to their diet and not have a better chance of having an autistic child caused by folic acid and not cause an increased breast cancer risk to the entire rest of the population of the United States. I wonder how governments in Europe are handling these birth defects? Oh, wait, they probably just give good advice on diet for expectant mothers.
Seriously. After I had Nexplanon removed (which as it turned out was possibly the main cause for my cervical precancerous tumors- another story for another day), the obgyn told me to “eat more cereals and take folic acid supplements”. She didn’t say “eat more greens” or “eat more lentils”- eat more highly processed, man-made foods instead. I followed her directions and was so sick for weeks. I started having horrid migraines again, had terrible joint inflammation, it was awful. I love bread, but I really love fresh ground flour that’s been fermented and baked traditionally. Turns out, two cups of spinach a day or some lentils for lunch, or any number of things would have sufficed more than enough for the folate I needed to support a healthy pregnancy and a healthy baby. Think about it- all of these things happening to our health now that were truly rare in the past. Women didn’t take supplements for pregnancy in the past- they just ate balanced meals. Can we start giving pregnant and trying-to-conceive women nutritional advice that’s wholesome and uses food instead of pills, please?
I am a senior citizen and am gluten sensitive, so I have absorption issues and take vitamin and mineral supplements, all of which contain lots of folic acid. I follow the Paleo Diet pretty closely but notice that my energy level drops without my supplements. Are there supplements without folic acid that contain the other nutrients my body doesn’t absorb from my food?
Hi Cecile,
myself I’m taking a Multi from Life Extension. The “two per day” are a great Multi that is quite complete and inexpensive. The minerals and vitamins contained are all in good forms, like cheleated Zinc or folate. Just make sure you have enough Magnesium, Fish, liver, proteins and greens in your diet and your system should be filled very well. Taking just one tablet per day could already bbe sufficient so you perhaps will give it a try.
The ‘Garden of Life’ brand has ‘Vitamin Code’. the Raw B-Complex bottle lists folate on the label. Very popular brand from Jordan Rubin. Find at your favorite health food store (or ask). to my understanding they don’t use any synthetics only food based products.
All synthetics are harmful, Why didn’t we know this years ago? The label can say ‘natural/organic’ and only have one small ingredients that is and all the rest be synthetic. How sad.
40 plus years ago I started taking ‘natural vitamins’ not knowing that they were all petroleum based. I had hypoglycemic/chronic fatigue/fibromyalgia/lupus/depression before anyone even knew the words. I’m thinking that was actually one of the causes… If I had only known then how to change my diet I would have avoided the years of misery while I was raising our six children.
Look other places for your ‘energy’ solutions. Synthetics give a boost because its using up your bodies own reserves to process the synthetics and make them ‘work’. When your bodies’ reserves are exhausted, then what? Then you’re really down on the concrete, draggin’ your tail… I been there oh so many times!
Food, pure, unadulerated food, is the answer. Another one of the hardly talked about as yet challenges is hybridization. Our Wheat supply, grains,etc. Our milk cows, our bodies need A2,A2 genetics. What about chickens? fruits? vegs? nuts? etc.etc. Organic isn’t enough anymore.